不規則動詞
一般に,動詞の過去形と過去分詞は語尾に -ed か -d を付けて表し,このタイプの動詞を 「規則動詞」 と呼びます。
一方,語尾が不規則に変化する動詞もあり,それらを 「不規則動詞」 と呼びます。不規則動詞は過去形と過去分詞の形によって下記の表のように4つのタイプに分けることができます。
不規則動詞はよく用いられる重要なものが多いので,きちんと覚えておく必要があります。中でも,下記の不規則動詞は特によく用いられますので,発音と一緒に完璧に覚え,さらに例文の中で意味が取れるようにしておいてください。
| 発音 |
原形・現在形 |
過去形 |
過去分詞 |
原形の意味 |
| A-A-A 型 (原形,過去形,過去分詞が全て同じ形) |
| |
cost |
cost |
cost |
負担させる |
| |
cut |
cut |
cut |
切る |
| |
hit |
hit |
hit |
叩く |
| |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
傷つける |
| |
let |
let |
let |
させる |
| |
put |
put |
put |
置く |
| |
quit |
quit |
quit |
やめる |
| |
read |
read |
read |
読む |
| |
set |
set |
set |
置く |
| |
shut |
shut |
shut
| 閉じる |
| |
| |
become |
became |
become |
なる |
| |
come |
came |
come |
来る |
| |
run |
ran |
run |
走る |
| |
| |
bring |
brought |
brought |
持ってくる |
| |
build |
built |
built |
建てる |
| |
buy |
bought |
bought |
買う |
| |
catch |
caught |
caught |
つかまえる |
| |
feel |
felt |
felt |
感じる |
| |
find |
found |
found |
見つける |
| |
have / has |
had |
had |
持っている |
| |
hear |
heard |
heard |
聞こえる |
| |
hold |
held |
held |
持つ,続く |
| |
keep |
kept |
kept |
保つ |
| |
lay |
laid |
laid |
横たえる |
| |
lead |
led |
led |
導く |
| |
leave |
left |
left |
立ち去る |
| |
lend |
lent |
lent |
貸す |
| |
lose |
lost |
lost |
なくす,負ける |
| |
make |
made |
made |
作る |
| |
mean |
meant |
meant |
意味する |
| |
meet |
met |
met |
会う |
攀?潯?(???;???;???????映????敬?桴※??†?†瘠牡映????敬?瑳??††慶??偬敲????????※†瘠牡?牴???映??畳?牴用汲?ユ?????※†??瑳?????????∠/
| |
pay |
paid |
paid |
払う |
| |
say |
said |
said |
言う |
| |
sell |
sold |
sold |
売る |
| |
send |
sent |
sent |
送る |
| |
shoot |
shot |
shot |
撃つ |
| |
shine |
shone |
shone |
輝く |
| |
sit |
sat |
sat |
座る |
| |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
眠る |
| |
spend |
spent |
spent |
費やす |
| |
stand |
stood |
stood |
立つ |
| |
teach |
taught |
taught |
教える |
| |
tell |
told |
told |
話す |
| |
think |
thought |
thought |
思う |
| |
understand |
understood |
understood |
理解する |
| |
win |
won |
won |
勝つ |
| |
| |
be / is, am |
was |
been |
|
| |
be / are |
were |
been |
|
| |
begin |
began |
begun |
始まる |
| |
break |
broke |
broken |
壊す |
| |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
選ぶ |
| |
do / does |
did |
done |
|
| |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
描く,引く |
攀?潯?(???;???;???????映????敬?桴※??†?†瘠牡映????敬?瑳??††慶??偬敲????????※†瘠牡?牴???映??畳?牴用汲?ユ?????※†??瑳?????????∠/
| |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
飲む |
| |
drive |
drove |
driven |
運転する |
| |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
食べる |
| |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
落ちる |
| |
fly |
flew |
flown |
飛ぶ |
| |
forget |
攀?潯?(???;???;???????映????敬?桴※??†?†瘠牡映????敬?瑳??††慶??偬敲????????※†瘠牡?牴???映??畳?牴用汲?ユ?????※†??瑳?????????∠/
forgot |
forgotten |
忘れる |
| |
get |
got |
gotten / got |
得る,着く |
| |
give |
gave |
given |
与える |
| |
go |
went |
gone |
行く |
| |
grow |
grew |
grown |
成長する |
| |
hide |
hid |
hidden |
隠れる |
攀?潯?(???;???;???????映????敬?桴※??†?†瘠牡映????敬?瑳??††慶??偬敲????????※†瘠牡?牴???映??畳?牴用汲?ユ?????※†??瑳?????????∠/
| |
know |
knew |
known |
知っている |
| |
lie |
lay |
lain |
横たわる |
| |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
乗っていく |
| |
rise |
rose |
risen |
上がる |
| |
see |
saw |
seen |
見える |
| |
shake |
shook |
shaken |
振る,揺れる |
| |
show |
showed |
shown / showed |
示す |
| |
sing |
sang |
sung |
歌う |
| |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
しゃべる |
| |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
盗む |
| |
swim |
swam |
swum |
泳ぐ |
攀?潯?(???;???;???????映????敬?桴※??†?†瘠牡映????敬?瑳??††慶??偬敲????????※†瘠牡?牴???映??畳?牴用汲?ユ?????※†??瑳?????????∠/
| |
take |
took |
taken |
取る |
| |
tear |
tore |
torn |
裂く |
| |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
投げる |
| |
wear |
wore |
worn |
着ている |
| |
write |
wrote |
written |
書く |